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Calibrating the JVC HD250 - The TrueColor Configuration - Color Matrix
The HD200/250 feature a new color matrix at 14 bits. I can't quite comment on the quality of the image compared to the HD100 except for one clear winner: the knee function. The level of adjustment of the highlights in the HD100 is very limited and the HD250's knee function seems to affect the treatment of highlights in a more decisive manner.

The new color matrix does react differently to colors than with the previous model and transfering color matrix configurations from the HD100 is not feasible. I went through several different iterations with the HD250 in order to find an acceptable compromise.

The challenge with this kind of adjustment is that the color matrix, in this case, is adjusted by affecting three groups of controls: Red Gain+Red Rotation, Green Gain+Green Rotation, Blue Gain+Blue Rotation. A vectorscope has reference points for 6 colors: R,G, and B and their complements: Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow. When you adjust the gain of one color you affect the complementary color as well. For example, turning up the gain for Blue increases the level of Yellow as well. The gain also as an effect on the position of colors, in other words the gain affects the rotation a bit. Rotation affects where a given color gets positioned in the spectrum. A calibrated chart like the DSC ChromaDuMonde is designed to reproduce given colors in camera. DSC checks their charts individually with a spectrometer in order to guarantee that the chart will in fact cause the expected reaction from the camera. Assuming that you have even lighting and you have done an accurate white balance, the red, gree and blue of the chart should "fall" in the right spots in the vectorscope. If they don't you use the gain and rotation controls to position the colors in the right location. Let's take a look at an example of vectorscope, this one is from the Synthetic Aperture's Color Finesse plugin, inside Adobe's After Effects:

I added the blue line to indicate where the skin tones are. The six squares indicate the size reference colors, clockwise from the top: red, magenta, blue, cyan, green and yellow. The vectorscope doesn't give you information about the brightness of a given color, just where it is in the overall scene. As we can see from the reference fram, the scene is filled with bleus, lots of reds and basically no greens. The vectorscope gives us a graphic representation of that.

The DSC charts are made to represent the primary colors and to provide skin tones, among other things. The ChromaDuMonde provides a wider palette of colors, 28 in this case, than the FrontBox HD that I used in the past but both charts give you excellent response and accuracy. Let's take a look at our starting point, the scene file that I used as a reference is the stock "Cinema HD24p" delivered with the camera. The following pictures are stored as PNG files in order to avoid JPEG artifacts. They have been captured directly from the camera using Adobe's DVRack (now called OnLocation) and have not been altered in any way. If your browser doesn't support PNG file please use the free Firefox. You can save these pictures to your hard disk

Cinema HD 24p at f4
And here is the same picture but this time with TrueColor HD250 and with an exposure between f8 and f5.6:
TrueColor HD250 at f8
Funny how a bit of work with the DSC chart can basically improve your image 100%. Just for the heck of it I took a snapshot of the Cinema HD24p with exactly the same exporsure of TrueColor:
Cinema HD24p at f8/f5.6
It's very interesting to understand what this last picture is telling us. One of the criticisms to HDV is that it creates a lot of digital noise. Granted, 4:2:0 color compression can result in macro-blocking and "dancing" pixels on the screen but that is generally the consequence of insufficient lighting with semi-solid backgrounds. It is a real issue with HDV cameras but it can be highly minimized by using more light and by breaking up the background with some patterns. The problem is, with the stock setup of the HD200/250 you end up with much less light sensitivity and so you risk to get noisy footage much more easily than with a calibrated camera. If you have to depend on available light it will be generally beneficial to have 1-1/2 stops more light than the other way around. Look at the above picture, it's pure "mud".

Now, let's take a look at another way of verifying the quality of the image: histograms. An histogram gives us a "chart" representation of color informaion distributed in a picture. Since the colors are the same for all scenes, the DSC chart, a difference in the histogram tells us how differently each configuration interprets colors. I included the histograms from both Color Finesse, which show each channel separately, luma, R, G, and B and the one from PhotoShop, which combines all channels together. Sometimes the composite histogram helps more understand the overall effect of a given configuration.

The histogram confirms what we saw before, there are basically no whites recorded in the scene because it's severely underexposed. This is pretty obvious by naked eye but we have to remember that this is exacly the same exposure and light and chart used for TrueColor. This is what you gain by calibrating the camera. Also note the totally uneven distribution of blues compared to the other two color channel and how they are mis-aligned compared to the luma.
Much better but we still see little definition in the blacks , which in fact seem a bit crushed, and several gaps especially in the top values of the blue channel.
The luma channel of TrueColor has the best coverage, the green channel doesn't display the "crests" of the stock configuration and all channels show a more even distribution with definition all the way from the darkest tones up to the top of the highlights.
Well, if you endured the above description all the way to this point I think it's about time to reward you with the configuration for TrueColor HD250. The following settings can be entered in the camera directly from the menu. I rather not give the scene files for a couple of reasons: a) other settings, not just the color matrix adjustments, are saved with the config file and this can have unpleasant surprises. b) I think it's a good exercise to become familiar with the controls of the camera. By entering the values below, if you never adjusted the HD250 yourself you will gain experience that will be helpful in the future. Please let me know if TrueColor HD250 works for you and I would appreciate a credit if it's used in commercial productions. Calibration of your professional camera is a vital step in improving your image quality. If haven't used a DSC chart I hope this article will inspire you to buy one and try the above techniques by yourself.
TrueColor HD250
Master Black -3
Detail MIN
Black Normal
White Clip 108%
Knee tra Manual
Knee level (this can be changed dependikng on the situation) 90%
Cinema OFF
Color Matrix Standard
Red Gain -3
Red Rotation -3
Green Gain 3
Green Rotation 4
Blue Gain 3
Blue Rotation MIN
Color Gain Normal
Gamma Standard
Gamma Level Normal
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